Signed on December 17, 1801 at Fort Adams on the Mississippi. The treaty expanded the amount of Choctaw land ceded to the United States by 2,641,920 acres. In exchange the Choctaw Nation received a value of two thousand dollars in goods and merchandise and three sets of blacksmith’s tools. A regional famine earlier in the year decimated the Choctaw’s food supply. Those who signed the treaty were James Wilkinson, Benjamin Hawkins and Andrew Pickens for the United States of America and “Mingos principal men and warriors of the Chactaw nation of Indians.”

Signed on October 17, 1802 at Fort Confederation on the Tombigbee River. The Tribe lost another 50,000 acres – with no compensation – after the U.S. claimed that the Choctaw boundaries from previous treaties were never clarified. Those who signed the treaty were James Wilkinson for the United States of America and “chiefs, head men, and warriors, of the said Choctaw nation.”

Signed on August 31, 1803 at How-Buckin-too-pa. The Choctaw ceded more than 853,760 additional acres to the U.S. in exchange for forgiveness of Tribal debt to a U.S. trading company. The Choctaw chiefs at the signing, known as Commissioners of the Choctaw nation, received the following goods: 15 pieces of strouds, three rifles, 150 blankets, 250 pounds of powder, 250 pounds of lead, one bridle, one man’s saddle and one black silk handkerchief. Those who signed the treaty were James Wilkinson for the United States of America and two Choctaw commissioners Mingo Pooscoos and Alatala Hooma. Other Chiefs in attendance were those who resided on the Tombigbee.

Signed on November 16, 1805 at Mount Dexter in Pooshapukanuk in Choctaw country. The Tribe ceded 4,142,720 acres to the U.S. In return, the U.S. established an annuity of $48,000 per year to the Tribe to pay debts to traders and merchants. Three great Medal Mingoes  (Pukshunubbee, Hoomastubbee, and Pooshamattaha) were paid $500 for their services and would be paid an annuity of $150 during their time in office/service. Those who signed the treaty were James Robertson and Silas Dinsmoor for the United States of America and the three great medal mingoes, as well as, other Choctaw chiefs and warriors.

Signed on October 24, 1816 at the Choctaw Trading House in Fort St. Stephens. The Choctaw traded 10,000 acres for a 20-year annual payment of $6,000 to aid in establishing tribal schools. The Tribe also received $10,000 worth of merchandise. Those who signed the treaty were John Coffee, John Thea and John McKee for the United States of America and “mingoes, leaders, captains, and warriors of the Chactaw nation.”

TREATY WITH THE CHOCTAWS, 1816.

A treaty of cession between the United States of America and the Chactaw nation of Indians.

JAMES MADISON , president of the United States of America, by general John Coffee, John Rhea, and John M’Kee, esquires, commissioners on the part of the United States, duly authorized for that purpose, on the one part, and the mingoes, leaders, captains, and warriors, of the Chactaw nation, in general council assembled, in behalf of themselves and the whole nation, on the other part, have entered into the following articles, which, when ratified by the president of the United States, with the advice and consent of the senate, shall be obligatory on both parties:

ARTICLE I. The Chactaw nation, for the consideration hereafter mentioned, cede to the United States all their title and claim to lands lying east of the following boundary, beginning at the mouth of Ookitibbuha, and the Chickasaw boundary, and running from thence down the Tombigby river, until it intersects the northern boundary of a cession made to the United States by the Chactaws, at Mount Dexter, on the 16th November, 1805.

ART. II. In consideration of the foregoing cession, the United States engage to pay to the Choctaw nation the sum of six thousand dollars annually, for twenty years; they also agree to pay them in merchandise, to be delivered immediately on signing the present treaty, the sum of ten thousand dollars.

The seventh treaty, the Treaty of Doak’s Stand, involved a land swap. The head negotiator for the United States was Andrew Jackson. The treaty, signed on October 18, 1820, provided for the exchange of 5,169,788 acres, the southwestern one-third of the remaining Choctaw land fronting the Mississippi River, for a wild tract (13,000,000) of Quapaw land lying beyond the Mississippi River between the Canadian-Arkansas and Red rivers, comprosing the southern half of the present state of Oklahoma and a large area in Arkansas. Before the Treaty of Doak’s Stand, the United States had taken the land from the Quapaw for about $4,000 plus a $1,000 annuity. Intimidation, as well as bribery, was used to persuade the Choctaw to swap their extremely valuable delta land for the 13 million acres in the West. The Choctaw resisted, because the western land would not be of use to them unless they agreed to removal. For the first time, the idea of removal was openly discussed. Before the Choctaw could reach their new land, the part of it that lay in Arkansas was settled by white pioneers. It is particularly noteworthy that the Treaty of Doak’s Stand traded to the Choctaw all the land they were ever to receive in present-day Oklahoma.

Signed on October 18, 1820 at Doak Stand on Natchez Road. The Tribe traded 5,169,788 acres of land in Mississippi for 13,000,000 acres of land west of the Mississippi River, that later became the state of Arkansas. The Choctaw who stayed on the ceded land to the U.S. could receive land if they “become so civilized and enlightened as to be made citizens of the United States.” (Article 4) Those Choctaw families (Warriors) who voluntarily removed were provided “a blanket, kettle, rifle gun, bullet moulds and nippers, and ammunition sufficient for hunting and defense, for one year.” The Warrior (head of household) was supplied with corn for a year to support his family and during the time it took to travel to this new land ceded to the Choctaw by the U.S. (Article 5) The U.S. was to appoint an agent, for the benefit of the Choctaw, to live on this new land to the West. A blacksmith would also settle in the “point most convenient to the population.” (Article 6)

Schools to educate the Choctaw would be paid for by selling a portion of the Choctaw ceded land in fifty-four one-mile sections. (Article 7) The annuity set up for schools in the Treaty of 1816 was kept in-tact. (Article 8)

This treaty also noted those Choctaw Chiefs and Warriors who did not receive compensation for their service to the United States during the Pensacola Campaign shall be paid whatever is due to them. (Article 11) Each Choctaw district would be given $250 from the United States to organize a corps of Light-Horse, consisting of 10 in each District to maintain order. (Article 13) The treaty also allowed for Chief Mushulatubbee to continue to receive his father’s $150 annuity that was established in previous treaties. (Article 14)

Those who signed the treaty were Andrew Jackson and Thomas Hinds for the United States and the three Medal Mingoes Puckshenubbee, Pooshawattaha and Mushulatubbee, as well as chiefs and warriors of various Choctaw Districts.

A delegation of Choctaw traveled to the City of Washington to correct the Treaty of Doak’s Stand because the land in Arkansas, designated for the Choctaw, was previously settled by white people who were citizens of the United States. The Choctaw ceded 2,000,000 acres of land originally ceded to them in the Treaty of Doak’s Stand that was previously settled. Other inaccuracies were also “fixed”. In consideration of the cession, the United States agreed to pay the Choctaw Nation $6,000/annually forever, with the first 20 years being in support of schools and the “instruction in the mechanic and ordinary arts of life.”  After the first 20 years it was agreed the said annuity “may be vested in stocks, or otherwise disposed of, or continued, at the option of the Choctaw nation.”

Article 11 of the Treaty of Doak’s Stand had payments to Chiefs and Warriors for their service. This was being delayed due to improper vouchers. The United States agreed to pay the Delegation $14,972.50 for them to take back and distribute to those chiefs and warriors who served in the Pensacola Campaign.

Chief Puckshenubbee, a member of the Choctaw delegation, passed away while traveling to the convention. His successor, Robert Cole, would start to receive the annuity paid to Chief Puckshenubbee.

The convention took place on January 20, 1825 in the City of Washington between John C. Calhoun for the United States and the Choctaw delegation which consisted of Mushulatubbee, Robert Cole, Daniel McCurtain, Talking Warrior, Red Fort, Nittuckachee, David Folsom and J. L. McDonald.

“A treaty of perpetual friendship, cession and limits” began September 15, 1830 and was held at Dancing Rabbit Creek. The U.S. sought to remove the Choctaw from Mississippi under authority of the Indian Removal Act and move them westward to Oklahoma. Under terms of the treaty, the Tribe ceded their remaining 10,423,139.69 acres in Mississippi. Article III of the Treaty states “the Choctaw nation of Indians consent and hereby cede to the United Sates, the entire country they own and possess, east of the Mississippi River; and they agree to move beyond the Mississippi River, early as practicable.” The plan suggested in the treaty was for a group “not exceeding one half” depart during the falls of 1831 and 1832. The remaining to following the seceding fall of 1833.

Only approximately 4,000 Choctaw remained in Mississippi, and under treaty terms were granted U.S. citizenship. The descendants of those who remained are now the members of the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians.